Saturday, November 13, 2010

Kenya: On ARVs? Then Quit Drinking

This fact is further echoed by a new study published recently by Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, a peer-reviewed journal in the US which found out that the progression from HIV to Aids tends to progress at a faster rate in infected individuals who consume two or more alcoholic drinks in a day.

Dr. William Sinkele who heads support for addictions, prevention and treatment in Africa, draws the line between alcohol use and abuse.

"It should be two units of 300 millilitres of lager beer for a man in a day and one can for a woman. Regarding this, it is easy to tell that a majority who take alcohol actually abuse it," he says, adding that other types of alcohol vary in content and purity.

He says that this variation is primarily because men have more muscle fat and water is distributed evenly in their bodies compared with women who have more body fat and thus alcohol gets more directly into their blood stream than men.

Alcohol has also been found to react negatively with ARVs. For example, someone on antiretrovirals such as stavudine or zidovudine should avoid alcohol all together because of the serious side effects that can occur.

Besides causing liver damage making it impossible to metabolise ARVS, alcohol also speeds up their breakdown, increasing the side effects and hindering the body's adherence to ART.It is widely believed that alcohol increases risk taking, a habit that can lead to infection.

Dr Nduku Kilonzi of Liverpool VCT and Care n Nairobi argues that alcohol affects your sensory and mortal control thus influencing your ability to judge collectly and make the right decisions.

She relates the severity of alcoholism to TB which is the most common and serious opportunistic infection for those with HIV. "HIV and alcohol are a dangerous combination too since both kill the immune system.

This is despite the fact that those who abuse alcohol practice poor diet and are less likely to adhere to the drugs.

There have also been reported cases of patients who wash down their ARVs with alcohol. Doctors warn that this could cause serious side effects.
Relevant Links

* East Africa
* AIDS
* Kenya
* Health

Those who drink excessively also run a high risk of foregoing treatment thus causing a drop in the CD4.

Without effective treatment, the average decline per year in CD4 count is 60 to 80 cells per ml although this varies from one patient to the other and over different times.

Despite the recognition of the role that alcohol plays in fuelling the HIV pandemic, researchers are facing many challenges on how to respond to alcohol use in HIV prevention and adherence to anti retroviral drugs.

In East Africa, few HIV prevention programmes, including VCT programmes have directly addressed the issue of HIV risk behaviour as a result of alcohol use.

This is partly because service providers offering HIV prevention programmes are not formally required to ask their clients about whether they use alcohol hence missing a great opportunity to address the risk factor.

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Blogger integrates with Amazon Associates

Earlier this year we simplified the process for monetizing your blog by adding a “Monetize” tab in the Blogger app. We started with AdSense, which allows you to add contextual advertising to your pages; more recently we added AdSense for Feeds to help you generate revenue from the distribution of your blog via RSS and Atom. Today we launched a third option: direct integration with Amazon Associates to search Amazon’s product catalog and add links to products that earn you commissions when your readers buy products you recommend.

With this feature, you can search Amazon directly from the Blogger editor and add pictures and links to Amazon products right into your posts. Your readers will earn you commissions whenever they buy the products you recommend, and if you don’t already have an Amazon Associates account, you can sign up for one for free without leaving Blogger.

If you’ve ever written a blog post about a book, recommended a gadget, or reviewed a toy you bought for your kids, you’ve likely gone through the process of drafting the post, opening up a separate window to go to find a site that sells the product, then going back to Blogger to paste the link to the product into the post editor.

Starting today, you can search the Amazon product catalog without leaving the Blogger interface and insert links to the products you find into your posts. Not only is the process of linking to products more efficient, but Amazon makes it easy for you to earn money whenever your readers actually buy the products you write about. This is known as an “affiliate program”, and it’s designed to let you recommend products you like to your audience — if they buy the product, you’ll earn a commission on that purchase. (For more on affiliate programs in general, here is a good overview at ProBlogger from this summer, and Darren’s “11 Lessons Learned” post about Amazon Associates is a good review of how to get the most out of the program.)

To get started, click on the Monetize tab for your blog and click “Amazon Associates”. Walk through the setup wizard, and add the Product Finder once you’re done.




Now for the fun part: when you are writing a post on Blogger, you’ll see an Amazon gadget to the right of your post editor (the “Product Finder”). You can search the Amazon product catalog from within Blogger — type in the name of the product you are writing about, and insert a link to the product, an image of the product, or an iframe containing the image, price details and a “buy it now” button. Every link that’s created contains your unique Associates ID, ensuring that Amazon will credit you for any purchases that result from readers clicking the link on your blog.




If you’re an existing Amazon Associate, completing this setup simply makes the Product Finder available on Blogger for you — you continue to earn the same referral rate from Amazon. New Associates receive the same referral rate from Amazon that they would have received if they signed up directly. If you’re not interested in earning a referral, you can still install the Product Finder: from the “Amazon Associates” page under the Monetize tab, click “I'll do this later — show me more Amazon options” and then click “Add the Product Finder” button.

A quick note about trust: affiliate programs work well when readers trust you. You should avoid promoting products simply because of the referral fee you might earn — readers may lose some of that trust if they sense your posts exist solely to make you money. You may also want to disclose to your readers that you will earn a commission on their purchase — some readers even prefer knowing that you benefit from their business.

There’s more information about this integration at Amazon.com, and the Amazon Associates blog has some more details. This integration is the result of months of collaboration between the engineers at both companies, and we’re very excited to share the results of this collaboration with you. Happy blogging!
Posted by Rick Klau at 2:37 PM
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Labels: Amazon, monetize
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Friday, November 12, 2010

Here are some books by bloggers that we recommend:

ProBlogger: Secrets for Blogging Your Way to a Six-Figure Income

If you think earning a six-figure income by just sitting in front of your computer, and writing about topics which interests you, then think again! Blogging has finally taken it to the next level and you might just even be one of those fortunate people to earn lots and lots of money through it. Find out how you can be a problogger.

ProBlogger: Secrets for Blogging Your Way to a Six-Figure Income
Blogging For Dummies

Blogging can be complicated for newbies like you but it wouldn't be that much hard when you read the simple instructions in this handbook.Write about the most interesting things and improve your style in blogging the things you like. Definitely, this book is your ultimate guide to knowing the do's and dont's in blogging.

Blogging For Dummies (For Dummies (Computer/Tech))
The Huffington Post Complete Guide to Blogging

The Huffington Post editors gives you an entertaining and informative A-Z guide about everything that you can blog bringing you concise and relevant information for newbies and even experienced ones who wants to extend the limits of blogging. It presents you what you should do when you start a blog, easy ways to help you build it, create communities and other strategies.

The Huffington Post Complete Guide to Blogging
Blogging Heroes: Interviews with 30 of the World's Top Bloggers

Get it straight from the biggest names in the blogosphere. Learn from the most influential and successful bloggers from different fields who blog about parenting, business, entertainment and more. You will be surprised as it is the best way to know how a good blog is established throughintimate interviews of Michael Banks to these blog heroes revealing their secrets and philosophies in blogging.

Blogging Heroes: Interviews with 30 of the World's Top Bloggers
Blogging for Fame and Fortune

Blogging for Fame and Fortune will show you a lot of great ways for your blog to be popular and eventually make money from your traffic focusing in its premise to inform the readers how they can earn money while blogging while emphasizing that getting rich through blogging is not a quick scheme.

Blogging for Fame and Fortune
Clear Blogging: How People Blogging Are Changing the World and How You Can Join Them

Clear Blogging tackles the bright future of blogging and its effects on changing the world's perspective and what you can do to magnify that change. Surely, you will can relate more as the book is very fun to read, comprehendible and conversational while emphasizing on getting started, success through blogging and taking blogging to the next level.

Clear Blogging: How People Blogging Are Changing the World and How You Can Join Them
Publish and Prosper: Blogging for Your Business

Publish and Proper tackles and motivates writers and those who need to express their thoughts to blog and eventually earn money through blogging. It gives a lot of necessary information from theory to practice and recommendations on setting up a working blog. Definitely, it preps up your blog in engaging into a business which can give you greater revenues.

Publish and Prosper: Blogging for Your Business
The IT Girl's Guide to Blogging with Moxie

If you do not know where to start but you are so indulged in making a blog, the Moxie Girls will make you feel that blogging is a lot easier and fun to start with. And that you just need to polish your writing styles and get involved in communities online - all these, told in a spontaneous, fun and humorous way!

The IT Girl's Guide to Blogging with Moxie
The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich

Youll probably be surprised with a book that will tell you how to get rich slowly, and this probably is it. The book is very promising as it holds lots of strategies to work out on making sure that you get what you need as well as what you desire to do with it. If you are a smart reader, you can extract a lot of good ideas from the book.

The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich
No One Cares What You Had for Lunch: 100 Ideas for Your Blog

If you are tired of posting boring entries in your blog, then you have to take the next step into achieving a more informational and useful blog! Get inspired and create unique things in your blog as Margaret Mason presents you the methods you can do to spice up your blog.

100 Stories

Hard to keep up with the updates? Then the list below, consisting of no more and no less than the 100 latest updates on The Blog Herald, might be a good place to start.
The 100 Latest Updates

1. WordPress To Embrace Tumblr Layout By Christmas?
2. Twitter Befriend’s Apple’s Ping
3. 2nd Most Popular Facebook App? You Wouldn’t Think So
4. Facebook Places Debuts For Blackberry
5. Facebook Now Controlling Almost 25% Of Online Marketing
6. A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words; Importance of Images Within a Blog
7. Twitter Gets Serious About Location Based Services, Businesses Can Claim Locations
8. Foursquare And Gowalla Used At Double The Rate By Men
9. Facebook Approved For Yet Another News Feed Patent
10. WordPress Declares Mobile Supremacy, Boasts 1 Million Users
11. Will Users Digg The Return Of The Bury Button?
12. Facebook Font Size Addressed By Facebook….Exclusively On Twitter
13. FoodPress By WordPress (An Automattic Treat)
14. The History of Youtube
15. Want to Become a Better Blogger? Make Blogging a Habit
16. Turkey Unblocks YouTube For First Time In Years
17. Should Bloggers Profit Off Of Spammers Via CAPTCHA Ads?
18. WordPress For Nokia Live Upon Ovi Store
19. Twitter Talking Tough About Trademarks And Tweets?
20. File-Sharing Service Drop.io Purchased By Facebook
21. Digg Mimics Twitter With Streaming API
22. Keep Tumblr Alive! 4 Ways Tumblr Can Create A Profit
23. Flickr Courts Google
24. Twitter’s Rival Identi.ca Drops Ad Bard, Chooses Google?
25. Twitter Embraces Windows Phone 7
26. Facebook Wants To Tell The Story Of Your Friendships, To Everyone!
27. History of Online Video
28. Facebook Credits, Coming To Walmart And Best Buy Stores Near You
29. Posterous Answers Pleas (Draft Saving Now Included)
30. Why Having Multiple Blogs is a Better Strategy for Monetization
31. FeedBurner To Bloggers: Real Time Stats Now Included
32. Digg Downsizes Team
33. Local Fox Station Airs “Social Media” News Reporting Parody
34. Facebook Now Protects You From Photos Of Your Ex
35. Myspace Leaks User Data Just Like Facebook
36. What Should Twitter Build? (Hackweek)
37. Here’s One Foursquare Badge You May Get, But Will Never Truly Deserve
38. Are Joomla Extensions More Popular Than WordPress Plugins?
39. New Twitter Disappears, Then Reappears, We Wish It Stayed Away
40. Stop Using Twitter! Washington Post Journalists Told To Ignore Popular Social Hub
41. Ning Launches iPhone App!
42. Search Engine History
43. WordPress Joins Google As An Official Domain Register
44. First Conan O’Brien Guest Might Be Voted Onto The Show By Twitter Fans
45. ExpressionEngine To Leapfrog WordPress On iPhone? (iExpression)
46. LOLapps Unblocked From Facebook After 2-Day Hiatus, Privacy Issues Resolved
47. b2evolution Embraces Beta, Befriends Twitter
48. VPS.NET To WordPress Fans: VaultPress Now Included
49. Ning Courts WordPress
50. EllisLab To ExpressionEngine Fans: We’re Sorry
51. Page.ly: Let Us Instruct You In The Art Of WordPress
52. Posterous For iPhone: The Good, The Bad And The Awesome
53. Digg CEO Matt Williams: Sorry We Pissed Everyone Off
54. WordPress.com Vs “I Control My Site” (Which Is Better?)
55. Foursquare Launches Symbian Application
56. WordPress Porting Gravatar Hovercards For The Rest Of Us
57. Facebook Co-Founders Donate Big Money In Support Of Marijuana Legalization
58. 13 Year Old Kids Arrested For Facebook School Bomb Scare
59. Baby Wants A Facebook Account, 92% Of Toddlers Have Their Own Social Media Presence
60. Google News Chooses Twitter Over Google Buzz?
61. Twitter Has A New, Better Search Engine
62. Blogrolling Shutting Down On All Saints Day
63. VaultPress Gives Stat Geeks Another Reason To Choose WordPress
64. Facebook Goes Down Again [Quick Note]
65. You Say Twitter Lists, Status.net Says People Tags
66. Fantastic Website Evaluation Tools
67. So Who Really Killed Off 12seconds? (aka Twitter For Video)
68. Twitter Officially Launches Promoted Tweets
69. Twitter COO Dick Costolo Takes Over As CEO [Breaking News]
70. Is Melody Mimicking WordPress?
71. Mark Zuckerberg Simpsons Appearance Is Hilarious [Video]
72. Merit Badges Come To Foursquare, Boy Scouts Rejoice
73. WPWebHost: All Your WordPress Blogs Should Be Hosted By Us
74. Disqus Embraces 3 Smartphones. Guess Who Got Left Out?
75. Should Twitter Buy Flickr?
76. WordPress To Blogger: Our Stats Are Better Than Yours
77. Twitter Now Third Largest Social Network, Announces Promoted Accounts
78. What WordPress Envy? Blogger Live Stats Go Public
79. Tumblr Unveiling Revolutionary New Queue System?
80. Iran To Pro-Iranian Blogger: How Does 19 Years In Jail Sound?
81. Will AOL Choose WordPress VIP Over Blogsmith? (TechCrunch)
82. Mark Zuckerberg Comic Book Debuting In 2010
83. Rumor: AOL To Acquire Another Blog Empire? (TechCrunch)
84. Buy Online While Earning Facebook Credits, The Newest E-Tailer Incentive
85. WordPress Assimilates Windows Live Spaces
86. Ryder Cup Players Banned From Twitter
87. Textpattern Announces 4.3 RC, Still Silent On The iPhone Front
88. Blogrolling To Announce Shut Down Date
89. Squarespace Quietly Launches New Price Plans
90. Facebook Places Makes Its Way To Canada
91. Can Melody Save Movable Type?
92. Facebook Goes Down Again [WTF]
93. WordPress For iPhone: Video Uploading Now Included!
94. Foursquare Will Soon Tell You Where To Eat
95. Mark Zuckerberg Donates $100 Million To New Jersey Schools
96. Facebook Network Issues Blamed On Network Provider
97. Movable Type Receiving New Ownership? (Six Apart Assimilation)
98. Twitter Explains Away “onMouseOver” Attack
99. Posterous Ponders Blackberry App
100. 18 Types of Posts That Get More Comments

Want More?

If that won't do it for you, do check out the Archive, perhaps the tag cloud, or use the links in the top menu, to dig even deeper. If you know what you're looking for, do use the search box in the top right column.

Business School for Bloggers: How to Make Money With Your Blog

I am frequently asked about how to make money on the web, especially how to make money with your blog. I find a wide variety of answers around the web, some of them get rich quick schemes, PageRank games, and SEO illusions, but there is only one answer that I want to shout to the roofs, but few people listen.

Blogging as a business is business. It takes business training and skills to make money with your blog.

That’s it. That’s the secret. John Chow, Guy Kawawasaki, Darren Rowse, Seth Godin, these princes of blogging didn’t get rich with their blogs by just having blogs. They used their business sense and know how to make their blogs work for them. They understood that a blog is just another tool in the business arsenal, a business card and resume all wrapped up in one, offering a business a powerful communications tool. In order to make your blog work for you, you have to understand how business works.

To have a “successful” blog and to make your blog work for you, you have to have skills and training in advertising, marketing, economics, finance, writing ability and language skills, public relations, networking, everything any business needs. These are the skills you bring it to your blog to make it a success, earning the money you deserve.

If you don’t have the business skills, where do you get the training you need to flip your blog over into a business and money magnet?

Sobcon 2007 conference meeting with attendees - photography by Lorelle VanFossenYou can hang out on the successful problogger’s blogs, digging into their past content and sitting at their knees to learn every day they share another tidbit.

You can take business classes at your local college, university, or community program, taking months or years of training on the basics of business and business communication.

You can read a book or three on how others made money, but will it really apply to your specific needs? Maybe. It worked for someone.

Or you can get the training you need from fellow bloggers who have “been there done that” with their blog and business expertise and learn from the horse’s mouth, so to speak.

Business Blog Summit Logo
Business of Blogging Events

There are two big blog events annually which focus specifically on the business side of blogging within the United States. Blog Business Summit, which held their program in Seattle in January (the next one hasn’t been scheduled), and the Successful and Outstanding Bloggers Conference (SOBCON2008) in Chicago, May 2-4, 2008.

SOBCON 2008When I look at the list of speakers, I’m overwhelmed – and excited. Imagine being in the room and able to interrogate Brian Clark of Copyblogger, Terry Starbucker, Anita Bruzzese, Chris Garrett, Chris Brogan, Dave Bullock, Liz Strauss, emoms’ Wendy Piersall, and me, Lorelle VanFossen, on all things business and blogging. You have the whole weekend to ask them all about how they blog, why they blog, and how they make money with their blogs – the business of blogging up close and personal.

You can still register for SOBCon 2008 but space is limited. It is designed to be an intimate workshop, giving you the hands-on skills and personal attention you deserve to help build your blog business. The speakers will be using a unique Presentation/Workshop model, turning theory into practice so you leave the weekend workshops with a solid action plan in place, tailored specifically to your individual needs. It’s one-on-one business training for bloggers.

Topics include establishing and maintaining your online reputation and public relations; business definition, purpose, plan, and demographics definition; increasing the return on your investment and saving time with an editorial calendar and plan; sales techniques and strategies for your blog; investing in social captial and networking; emphasizing the return customer, encouraging them to come back for more; and switching from independent blogger to business owner, learning and coping with new business challenges and skills.

The speakers represent those who have succeeded, as well as those who have tried and failed and then rose up out of the ashes to keep trying again. They know how business works, especially online business and social networking. They are the leaders that bring you the best advice and techniques for successful blogging.

I’ve written a lot about the benefits and rewards of attending SOBCon. It is a life changing experience. But let’s get down to the nitty gritty. If you want your blog to be successful online, you cannot afford to miss this event.
Related Content in The Splashpress Media New Media Channel
Blog Relationships: Fishing With Lures and Bait
Published on Monday, April 09, 2007 for http://www.blogherald.com/ Blog Monetization Part One: Using Blogs To Promote Your Business
Published on Tuesday, May 08, 2007 for http://performancing.com/ 2010 Reminder: Test the Monetization of Your Blog
Published on Thursday, January 21, 2010 for http://performancing.com/

WordPress To Embrace Tumblr Layout By Christmas?

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by Darnell Clayton

Following the footsteps of WP.com (which is owned by Automattic), it looks like WordPress core developers will be releasing version 3.1 which will allow self hosted fans everywhere to create mini tumblr blogs without having to purchase (or download) a custom theme.

The current list of post formats is on the Codex page: http://codex.wordpress.org/Post_Formats.

aside – Typically styled without a title. Similar to a Facebook status update.
chat – A chat transcript.
gallery – A gallery of images.
link – A link to another site.
image – A single image.
quote – A quotation.
status – A short status update, usually limited to 140 characters. Similar to a Twitter status update.
video – A single video.

There has been suggestion of an “audio” format, which makes sense given the other multimedia posts. Another one recently suggested to me was a “code” format, which I could get behind. (WordPress Development Updates)

Core developers are scheduled to release version 3.1 of WordPress by December of 2010, although it is probably safe to assume that they will release the latest version before the holidays (as very few people enjoy working over the break). read more
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Twitter Befriend’s Apple’s Ping

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by Darnell Clayton

It looks like Ping (a music social network from Apple) has a new best friend, as Twitter has just announced that Ping users (not to be confused with Ping.fm or Ping.com) can now connect their accounts with the micro blogging social network.

Starting today Ping, iTunes’ new social network for music, and Twitter are making it even easier for people to share music discoveries with their friends by putting Ping activity, song previews and links to purchase and download music from the iTunes Store right in their Tweets on Twitter.com. [...]

Once you’ve linked the accounts, whenever you Post, Like, Review, or tell your friends why you purchased a song or album on Ping, this activity will also be tweeted to your Twitter followers – complete with playable song previews and links to purchase and download music from iTunes. (Official Twitter Blog)

Users who connect their Twitter accounts to Ping will be able to find Twitter friends (or rather people they follow) who also use Ping, which should help make the service easier for new comers to adopt (as very few people enjoy using social networks without their friends).

This partnership is obviously a big win for Apple, as the company previously tried (and failed) to establish a similar relationship with Facebook.

Although its still unclear whether Apple will make a second attempt to pursue a similar relationship with Facebook, we may see the music giant reach out to other social networks in the future (with the exception of Google Me of course).
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November 10, 2010
2nd Most Popular Facebook App? You Wouldn’t Think So

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by James Johnson

Microsoft Live Messenger LogoFarmville might be the most played game on Facebook with 16 million daily users, but some visitors might be interested to know that the 2nd most popular application isn’t a popular game or gift sending app, it’s Microsoft’s Windows Live Messenger Facebook application.

ReadWriteWeb reports that 9 million Live Messenger users are currently logging into Facebook and then chatting to their friends through the application, rather than using Facebook’s own chat application.

The application is a smart move for Microsoft who may be able to etch out a name for themselves by providing the type of chat functions users fail to love on Facebook. It could be a great way for Microsoft to introduce their own users to Facebook, while possibly rolling out new features that could provide a further social network reach for the company. read more
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Facebook Places Debuts For Blackberry

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by Darnell Clayton

After the social networking giant unveiled Facebook Places for iPhone and iPod Touch users, it looks like Blackberry fans will now be able to utilize the social location feature without having to purchase an iOS device.

With that being said, I’m pleased to announce that Facebook Places is now available on BlackBerry smartphones. The final release of Facebook for BlackBerry smartphones v1.9 will be available for download in BlackBerry App World™ (North America only) within the next 24 hours!

Facebook Places uses cell tower triangulation and the GPS technology on your BlackBerry smartphone to find places of interest close to your location. You can view the location of a Facebook Place on a map to see exactly where it is and check out the surrounding area. You can also get directions to and from a Facebook Place simply by clicking on the map image, which will seamlessly launch the BlackBerry® Maps application. (Inside Blackberry)

Unlike the Facebook iOS and Android Apps, Facebook for Blackberry is maintained by Research In Motion (aka RIM) and not the social networking giant (who like Twitter doesn’t devote corporate resources to the device).

Unfortunately there still isn’t any word on when RIM will expand the feature beyond the continental borders of America, although that may have more to do with Facebook beta testing in Europe than RIM itself.

While Facebook Places is a welcome addition to the Blackberry smartphone, hopefully the company will be able to add a few additional features like Facebook Deals in the near future (the latter which is available to iOS users).
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November 9, 2010
Facebook Now Controlling Almost 25% Of Online Marketing

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by James Johnson

Facebook Logo

It’s a good time to be Mark Zuckerberg, sure The Social Network made fun of him, but director David Fincher isn’t controlling 23% of all display ad impressions on the internet now is he?

Internet reporting firm ComScore provided that staggering number this week, while adding that Facebook has provided advertisers during the last quarter with more than 297 billion display ad impressions.

The 23.1% share is up from 9.2% during the same quarter one year prior and the company’s 16.2% share during the last quarter.

read more
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November 8, 2010
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words; Importance of Images Within a Blog

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by Guest Author

It’s very much a cliché, same as the old saying ‘Content Is King’, but unfortunately, they still ring very true in the ears of SEO gurus.

When you write online, there is more to think about than just the words on the page. Whether you like it or not, people get bored, and they get bored quickly. With the instant-gratification world we now live in, people (especially internet users) don’t have the patience to give anything a chance without some visual stimulation.

With the rise of the finger-fast technology that supports all super-dooper games, images and other visually appealing programs, it is easy to see why people need flashing images and pretty fonts to grab their attention; anything less than this is not worth their time.

The success of many blogs lies in how they present themselves. First impressions are everything (another cliché I know) and it is worthwhile thinking about how people perceive your blog before they add another notch on your bounce rate statistic. How colorful is it? What is the navigation like? And most importantly, what images can they look at?

In some respects, images are what draw anybody to anything. Visual appeal should not be underestimated, and the different images used attract a variety of audiences; but how does this work?

Well firstly, let’s establish what type of images there are… read more
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Twitter Gets Serious About Location Based Services, Businesses Can Claim Locations

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by James Johnson

Twitter Business Claim and Check-In Screen

In a move that places Twitter in direct competition with other location based services including Foursquare and Gowalla, the social networking company has announced the option for businesses to claim their locations.

The new feature, which shows up in the users venue feed can be seen in the screen capture on this page (located above). The image shows that a recent Tweet by a Twitter employee checked them in at Twitter Headquarters.

Twitter, a micro-blogging service, is perfect for the feature since many users already check-in using other services such as Foursquare and then update their location based information through the Twitter interface.

read more
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November 5, 2010
Foursquare And Gowalla Used At Double The Rate By Men

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by James Johnson

Foursquare

If you’re checking out who checked in at different locations last night, it’s likely you’ll notice that mostly your male friends were doing the check-ins. According to a report by the Pew Internet and American Life Project which examines internet trends in the United States, men use Foursquare, Gowalla and other location bases services for check-ins at double the rate of females.

For people unfamiliar with these services, they allow you to check-in at each location you visit, while broadcasting your location to friends and the public (if you choose to share that information). User can then receive badges and other rewards for checking in.

According to the study 6% of males who were asked said they use the services, while only 3 percent of internet using females said they check-in at locations.

read more
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November 4, 2010
Facebook Approved For Yet Another News Feed Patent

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by James Johnson

Facebook Patent

Facebook has been approved for a news feed patent which allows them to generate a personalized story feed for users, the patent in many ways is similar to the news feed patent they received earlier in 2010.

The patent, named Generating a feed of stories personalized for members of a social network is described as:

“Systems and methods for generating dynamic relationship-based content personalized for members of a web-based social network.” read more

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WordPress Declares Mobile Supremacy, Boasts 1 Million Users

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by Darnell Clayton

After unveiling their Nokia app to the world, Automattic (the company behind WordPress) has announced that they have now surpassed one million mobile users.

We just passed 1 million mobile users across all platforms, which is not only a huge landmark for us, but for mobile blogging altogether. Cell phones are becoming our new personal computers, always with us and always ready when something needs blogging about. Each day thousands of posts are written and posted using nothing but a wee phone keyboard and a built-in camera. It’s truly about capturing the moment, and as smart phones are becoming more popular we’re trying to stay with you with your platform of choice. (Official WordPress Blog) read more

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← Previous Entries

The Do-It-Yourself Repair Guide

That pesky Check Engine
Light, the “Malfunction
Indicator Lamp” or “MIL” for
short, is on because your
vehicle’s computer selfdiagnosed
a fault that could
cause your vehicle’s emissions
to increase. It doesn’t
necessarily mean your vehicle
is polluting or has a serious
problem – but it might. So the
light is on to let you know
something is amiss that needs
your attention.
Trouble is, you don’t know
WHAT the trouble might be. It
might be something that could
lead to a break-down
or cause expensive engine
damage, or it might be
something minor like a loose
gas cap (yes, the on-board
diagnostics on 1996 and newer
cars can even detect a loose,
missing or leaking gas cap).
There’s no way to know what
the problem is without talking
to your vehicle’s computer.
How do you do that? By
plugging a diagnostic scantool
into your vehicle’s diagnostic
connector, usually found under
the dash near the steering
column. These tools unlock the
secrets that have turned on your
Check Engine Light and tell you
the nature of the problem.
Yet these tools are only the
messenger. It’s up to you to
combine information from the
tool with knowledge of how
the electronic systems in your
engine work to make an
accurate diagnosis.
This booklet will give you the
information you need to
understand how to diagnose
and repair the most common
problems in today’s cars, light
trucks and SUVs. Whether you
perform the repairs yourself, or
use the information to better
understand what your mechanic
is doing, it pays to understand
what is going on.
Don’t be a Parts Swapper
The number one mistake
made by do-it-yourself
mechanics is “parts-swapping”.
This expensive practice leads to
the replacement of hundreds of
dollars of perfectly good parts.
At best, a parts-swapper wastes
time and money. At its worst, a
parts-swapper creates new
problems where none existed.
Armed with the proper tool and
the information in this booklet,
you will be prepared to tackle
the most common problems
found on today’s vehicles,
without being a parts-swapper.
The On-board
Diagnostic System - OBD II
When a fault is detected, the
onboard diagnostics system
(OBD II) records a “diagnostic
trouble code” (DTC) in the
computer’s memory. The code
number corresponds to a
particular type of fault. The
code might not tell you which
component has failed or why,
but it will tell you which
emission control system or
sensor circuit the fault is in, or
that your engine is misfiring or
running rich (too much fuel)
Today’s cars are
controlled by a
Powertrain Control
Module (PCM), your
engine’s computer.
If you want to repair
or modify your car’s
performance, you
need a scantool to
communicate with
the PCM.
or lean (not enough fuel).
When a basic code reader is
plugged into your vehicle’s
diagnostic connector, it will
display any diagnostic trouble
codes that are found. The least
expensive code readers just
give you a number while the
better ones also give you the
definition of the code, too.
You can read codes and get an
idea of what’s wrong – and
you can even clear the codes
from the computer’s memory
to turn out the MIL lamp (at
least temporarily). But a code
by itself isn’t the whole story.
Take a code P0171 or P0174.
These are codes that indicate
your engine is running lean. A
lean air/fuel mixture can be
caused by any number of
things, and may cause
symptoms such as a rough idle,
hesitation or stumble when
accelerating, hard starting, a
loss of power or an emissions
failure. Okay, so your engine is
running lean. Now what?
The next step up the
diagnostic ladder is to use a
scantool that can actually
provide some real diagnostic
information beyond basic code
numbers. What kind of
information are we talking
about? Real time sensor data.
This is the meat and potatoes
of onboard diagnostics and is
the data that real technicians
rely on to diagnose and repair
today’s vehicles. Some scantools
allow you to create a virtual
dashboard to monitor DTCs real
time parameters in a graph,
gauge, or tables shown in figure 1.
The diagnostic connector on
your vehicle can provide a
wealth of information, things
like engine speed, engine load,
air flow, ignition timing,
coolant temperature, inlet air
temperature, throttle position,
sensor voltages, what’s going
on with your engine’s fuel
management system, the
status of various switches and
devices, and more – in fact, up
to several hundred different
readings are available on some
cars depending on the make
and model year.
Diagnostic Scantools:
• Saves you money
• Saves you time
• Keeps your mechanic honest
Knowing what’s causing your
problem gives you the option
to either fix the problem
yourself or to take it to a
professional for repairs. If you
choose the latter, you won’t
be going in blind. You’ll be
armed with data that can save
diagnostic time and hopefully
some of your money.
In many instances, the Check
Engine Light is on because a
sensor has failed and needs to
be replaced. Some sensors are
relatively inexpensive and well
within the abilities of a do-ityourselfer
to replace. Some
sensors, on the other hand,
are quite expensive. A mass
airflow sensor might cost a
couple hundred dollars or
more. So you want to be sure
of your diagnosis before you
replace such an expensive part
– especially since most dealers
or parts stores won’t take
returns on electronic parts
once they’ve been installed.
With these things in mind,
let’s look at some common
problems
you’re apt to
encounter:
Next

ECOTOURISM AS A MEANS TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY; A CASE OF MASAI MARA

ECOTOURISM AS A MEANS TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY; A CASE OF MASAI MARA



By
…Eric m. manthi…


A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Masters in ……………….University





October 2009
DECLARATION
Declaration by the Candidate
This proposal is my original work and has not been presented to any other institution. No part of this project may be reproduced without prior express permission of the author and/or University

__________________________ ____________________
Signature Date


Declaration by the supervisors
This proposal is submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisor(s).

__________________________ ____________________
Signature Date
Tables of Contents
Declaration i
Abstract iii
Introduction 1
Background 1
Statement of the problem 3
Significance of study 6
Research Objectives 6
Research Design 7
Target population 8
Data Collection Instruments 8

Data Analysis 9
LITERATURE REVIEW 10
Pro Poor Tourism 10
Tourism is pro-poor if it provides 10
Contribution of Tourism at Local Level 11
Review of Past Studies in The Area of study 16
Summary 19
Ethical Considerations 20
Informed consent 20
References 21

ABSTRACT
Poverty alleviation is currently a major concern for many developing countries including Kenya. Higher economic growth rate that is pro-poor is a prerequisite in the process of poverty alleviation. During the last one and half decades of socio-economic reforms in Kenya, rapid growth rate in the tourism sector has been recorded in terms of tourist arrivals, tourism activities (services) and earnings. However, tourism is a complex industry, which is driven by the private sector and often by large international companies, which may have little or no interest in ensuring that poverty is alleviated among the locals. It is also possible that with the current technological development that tourism earnings remain outside the destination country due to leakages. In addition, tourism can cause negative impacts such as environmental problems, cultural pollution and immoral behavior including that of prostitution.

This study will seek to answer the following objectives; the trends in a number of establishments, employment and incomes of from tourism related sectors , find out the costs and benefits involved in tourism investment, to establish through income and employment sources, the impact of tourism on poverty alleviation and to establish the linkages between tourism and other sectors of the economy; and identify factors, which could help Kenyans to maximise economic gains from tourism and minimise economic losses from tourism sector.

The study will be study of Masai Mara using a descriptive survey design. The target population will be tourism facilities in the park and the communities living around the park. The study will benefitboth stakeholders and government in effort to alleviate poverty and achieve the vision 2030 goals.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Tourism represents a very complex and multidimensional phenomenon that produces numerous positive economic as well as non-economics effects in the receptive tourist countries. As a result of the positive effects, the sustainable tourism can be treated as a means for eliminating poverty and increasing the standard of life, especially on long term. The sustainable tourism can bring higher and faster economic development and decrease poverty in more ways. That can be extremely important for all the countries in the world, especially for the least developed ones, Ashley, (2000).

Poverty alleviation is of a major concern for many developing countries Kenya being one of them. Poverty can be alleviated mainly through achieving higher sectoral growth and ensuring that the poor have a share in that growth. There is evidence that tourism contributes a lot to the economic growth of even countries with poor economies through foreign exchange earnings, creation of employment opportunities and provision of public revenues. With proper interventions, such economic benefits can play a crucial role in the process of poverty alleviation. In general, tourism has become a significant industry in both poor and rich economies because of its important impacts on economic, livelihoods and socio-cultural development (Shah 2000). This study shows that apart from economic impacts, ecotourism affects the livelihood of the poor and that, if properly harnessed the positive impacts from the sector can contribute towards poverty alleviation.

As a result of its positive effect, sustainable development of tourism is considered to be a tool for eliminating poverty and enhancing the standard of life, especially on long term. Sustainable tourism is very important for the development of developing countries, especially for the least developed ones. Having in mind the positive effect of sustainable development of tourism, the basis of project ST–EP (Sustainable Tourism - Eliminating Poverty) have been established at The World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002, with the main goal of decreasing poverty in the world up to for 50% until 2015.

As a sector of the economic growth, tourism has several advantages for the poor countries:
 The consumer travels to the destination, providing opportunities for the sale of additional goods and services.
 Tourism creates important opportunities to diversify the local economy. It can often be developed in poor and marginal areas with few other export and diversification options. Tourists are often attracted to remote areas because of their high cultural, wildlife and landscape values. One of the assets of the poor is their cultural and wildlife heritage; and tourism presents opportunities to capitalize on those assets.
 Tourism offers better labour-intensive opportunities than all sectors except agriculture.
 Tourism helps promote gender equality, employing higher proportion of women than other sectors.

Statement of the problem
Earnings from tourism look impressive, but one would like to know more about its economic implications before concluding that this is a positive development that should be promoted. One would like to know the net (national) benefits from tourism, deducting extra cost from gross revenues, and also who benefits from these net earnings. And whether such economic earnings have anything to do with poverty alleviation. Until recently, Kenya has been a popular tourist destination in Africa receiving over 6% of the total international tourist arrivals to the continent, Briedenhann, (2000). Most of the country’s tourism is based on wildlife safari. About 10% of the country has been set aside for the conservation of the African savanna wildlife and the promotion of safari tourism. In most of the country’s national parks and reserve s, hotels, camping and other forms of accommodation facilities have been developed that allow visitors to at least, stay overnight before and/or after conducting a guided game drive and sight-seeing in the expansive wildlife parks and reserves. Over the years wildlife safaris have become a lucrative business for both the public and private sector. Currently, tourism is Kenya’s second largest economic sector after agriculture, contributing over 12% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. However, defying government and expert projections, Kenya is still languishing in poverty. In this connection, this study will seek to establish ecotourism as a means of alleviating poverty case study of Masai Mara National Park.

Table 1: Number of visitors to parks and reserves in the period between 1994 and 1998
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Nairobi NP 163200 113500 158300 149600 122300
Animal orphanage 182000 212100 210600 193700 164800
Amboseli 159500 114800 109100 117200 62900
Tsavo West NP 105400 93100 93600 88600 54900
Tsavo East NP 132400 228800 137500 123200 66900
Aberdare NP 60200 70100 60200 59000 47900
Lake Nakuru NP 164300 166800 156900 132100 111000
Maasai Mara NR 138200 133200 130300 118300 100400
Bamburi Nature park 98900 109200 107000 86800 77900
Malindi Marine Park 39400 38800 39300 27000 13700
Lake Bogoria 43200 14200 14200 24500 20600
Meru NP 7900 7300 7800 4100 1800
Shimba Hill 31600 20000 23400 22500 16800
Mount Kenya 17200 17200 17100 14800 10200
Samburu 9200 9100 9100 8300 7000
Kisite/Mpunguti 34800 32400 39900 35100 29200
Mombasa Marine 4800 23900 21700 15200 16200
Watamu Marine 32100 16100 20200 19400 18300
Hell’s gate 44900 50100 52100 47200 57100
Others 15100 22400 14800 15500 13900
Total 1527500 1493100 1488700 1364500 1079400
% 21.97 21.47 21.41 19.62 15.52

Source: Kenya Government (1999).

The table shows that there has been drop in the number of visitors over the years which may imply that the sectors is being under-utilized or the services has dropped from the previous years.

Significance of study
The significance of the problem arises from the intended goal of trying to quantify the economic effects of tourism in Kenya and their contribution towards poverty alleviation. In so doing, the study sheds light on what the government can do to maximise economic benefits and minimise costs. This is in line with the government’s objective of trying to ensure that the tourism industry is elevated to a giant contributor to the national economy by not just realising high income figures but also making sure that the host country benefits. The study is also significant due to its endeavour to identify and suggest ways in which ecotourism can be used to contribute towards poverty alleviation. This study also is an attempt to analyse how a growing sector like tourism can be utilised for poverty alleviation.

Research Objectives
General Objective
The main objective of the study will be to analyse how ecotourism can be used as a means to alleviate poverty. Being the fastest growing sector in the economy, one would like to know more about the net benefits to the society at large and in particular to the poor.

Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of the study will include attempts to:
i) To establish trends in a number of establishments, employment and incomes from tourism related sectors in Masai Mara region
ii) To find out the costs and benefits involved in tourism investment around Masai Mara
iii) Establish through income and employment sources, the impact of tourism on poverty alleviation in Kenyans lives around Masai Mara
iv) Establish the linkages between tourism and other sectors of the economy; and identify factors, which could help Kenyans to maximise economic gains from tourism and minimise economic losses from the sector.

Research Design
A research design is a plan, structure and strategy conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and control variable Fraenkel and Warren (2000). A research design helps to control the experimental, extraneous and error variables of a particular research problem being investigated. According to Kerlinger (1978) research designs are invented to enable answering the research questions as validly, objectively, accurately and as economically as possible. For purposes of this research, a descriptive survey case design will be adopted .This owes to the nature of the topic which is an in-depth empirical inquiry that investigates the effects of a phenomenon within its real life context. It applies to policy and has many variables at play. It also relies on multiple sources of information which includes use of Documentation, questionnaires, Use of informants and Observations

Target population
The target population will be facilities within the park and the communities benefiting directly or indirectly from tourism services in Masai Mara National Park.
Data Collection Instruments
The following instruments will be used for data collection:
i) Documentation: This will involve collecting information and data from existing reports and documents on tourism.
ii) Structured Questionnaires: This will be used so as to generate information and data, which subsequently will be for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Specific questionnaires for each group will be designed. This will involve designing questionnaires to answer specific objectives
iii) Checklist of Leading Questions: These questions will be designed to guide researchers in conducting dialogue with a range of stakeholders in the tourism sector. The aim will be to enable collection of the views of officials in the tourism sector, for instance, on local costs, benefits and tourism policies.
iv) Use of informants: This instrument will be used to capture specific changes. Elders and leaders in the areas of study for example, narrated historical information and other changes that has been realized as result of tourism.
v) Observations: Observations during the fieldwork will be used mainly to assist to probe on issues beyond those which are covered in the structured questionnaire and interview checklist.

Data Analysis
Three levels of analysis will be undertaken:
i) Descriptive statistics including frequency, tables, percentages and ratios;
ii) Inferential statistics Computation and interpretation of relationship between tourism and poverty alleviation i.e. using regression, ANOVA and correlation tests
iii) Computation and interpretation of linkages between tourism development and community living standards
LITERATURE REVIEW
Pro Poor Tourism
Development economists and policy makers use the language of pro-poor to differentiate between economic developments in general and forms of economic development which impact positively on the lives of poor people and which enable them to rise out of poverty. Pro-poor tourism is used to refer to interventions that specifically focus on addressing poverty – which move beyond “trickledown” theory and generates net benefits for the poor. Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is not a specific tourism product or sector, it is an overall approach designed to unlock opportunities for the poor, Getz, (1997).

Tourism is pro-poor if it provides
 Economic gain through the creation of full or part-time employment or the development of SME opportunities through sales to tourism businesses or to tourists.
 Other livelihood benefits such as access to potable water, roads which bring benefits to poor producers through, for example, improved access to markets, improved health or education etc.
 Opportunities and capacity for engagement in decision-making in order that the poor are able to improve their livelihoods by securing better access to tourists and tourism enterprises
Contribution of Tourism at Local Level
Before initiating the discussion on how (eco)tourism can help in reducing poverty, a practical definition of poverty (IMF and IDA cited in WTO, 2002) is presented here. Tourism can increase opportunities for the rural poor in their own communities. It also has the potential to help reduce rural outmigration to urban areas, increase employment opportunities for the urban poor, and give them additional income to provide for their families in the rural areas. Also, tourism related skills gained by the urban poor can be applied in rural areas, helping to reverse the migration process (NTB, 2003). Tourism provides employment opportunities by diversifying and increasing incomes that help reduce the vulnerability of the poor. Through increased national income (foreign exchange earnings and taxation), additional funds can be diverted to poverty reduction programs. The following are listed as inherent characteristics of tourism (WTO, 2002) that mark it as an industry that contributes to the welfare of the poor:
 Tourism is consumed at the point of production increasing opportunities for individual and micro-enterprises to sell additional products or services.
 The restriction of access to international markets faced by traditional sectors in developing countries is not applicable to tourism.
 Tourism depends not only on financial, productive and human capital but also largely on natural and cultural capital which are often assets possessed by the poor.
 Tourism is labour-intensive providing the poor, who have large labour reserves, with opportunities.
 Tourism thrives on diversity, drawing from a large resource base, which increases scope for wider participation.
 Tourism provides important opportunities for women to find employment.
 Tourism directly responds to poverty reduction objectives since it:
 unlocks opportunities for pro-poor economic growth by providing formal and informal employment.
 creates profit and collective income from locally owned enterprises.
 facilitates social development by increasing access to infrastructure, providing local people with the opportunity to access tourism infrastructure.
 helps increase participation of local communities in decision making as tourism products are often owned by the poor.
 reduces vulnerability by helping to diversify income opportunities
 as natural and human environment are the lifelines of tourism development, it promotes environmental protection.

However, the earlier assumption that benefits automatically trickle down to the poor with economic development is not happening. Rather poverty reduction is possible only if the benefits of growth are redistributed to the poor through appropriate access and benefit sharing mechanisms. Further, it is possible only if the poor themselves are involved in the economic activity either through employment or entrepreneurial skills (WTO, 2002).

The WTO (2002) suggests that tourism is not much different from other productive sectors but has the following additional advantages in terms of its potential for poverty alleviation:
 It has high potential to maintain forward and backward linkages.
 It is relatively labor intensive and employs a high proportion of women.
 It has potential in poor countries and areas with few other competitive exports.
 Tourism products can be built on natural resources and culture, which are assets, that some of the poor have.
Other benefits include increased demand for local accommodation and food, and beverage outlets. This will lead to improved viability of both new and established hotels and guest houses. Additional revenue for local business such as souvenir shops can be anticipated from tourists. Ecotourism is also expected to increase the market for local products such as locally grown food grains, vegetables and fruits (Wearing and Neil, 1999). Ecotourism is accepted as a means that can satisfy both local people in need of gainful economic activity as well as conservationists. “It provides a means of empowerment to disadvantaged groups such as many native people (including women) by opening an economic and management role for them in ecotourism” (Gauthier, 1993).
Tourism can contribute in other significant ways to poverty reduction. For instance, it can help communities to reclaim their cultural pride, sense of ownership and control over local development, reduce vulnerability through diversification and develop skills and entrepreneurial capacity (WTO, 2002).















Source: WTO (2000) cited in UNEP, 2001.
Figure 1: Ecotourism's Economic Impact and Leakage

Review of Past Studies in The Area of study
Declining economic activity, restructuring of the agricultural sector, dwindling rural industrialization and out-migration of higher educated youth, has led to the adoption, in many western nations, of tourism as an alternative development strategy for the economic and social regeneration of rural areas (Pompl & Lavery, 1993; Williams & Shaw, 1991; Hannigan, 1994a; Dernoi, 1991; Wickens, 1999). In Eastern Europe, where events of the last decade have triggered a rapid rise in rural unemployment, tourism has been identified as a catalyst to stimulate economic growth, increase the viability of underdeveloped regions and improve the standard of living of local communities (Ratz & Puczk, 1998; Kombol, 1998; Simpson, Chapman, & Mahne, 1998).

In less developed countries of sub-Saharan Africa, afflicted by debilitating rural poverty, tourism is perceived to be one of the few feasible options for development. Compelled by the pressures of restructuring, and driven by demands for economic growth and job creation, governments in developing countries however frequently fall prey to the dangers of random, ad hoc development, without due regard to the economic and cultural well-being of rural communities, the conservation of the environment or the inclusion of local residents in decision-making (Britton, 1991; Drake, 1991; Evans & Ibery, 1989; Getz, 1983; Long, Perdue, & Allen, 1990; Marsden, 1992; Prentice, 1993).

Whilst governments are generally of the opinion that tourism development will generate new jobs, enhance community infrastructure and assist in revitalising the flagging economies of rural areas, tourism as a development option has come under increasing censure due to the alleged paucity of revenues, the inequity of benefit distribution and the perceived social costs to resident communities (Jud & Krause, 1976; Whelan, 1991; Hitchcock, King, & Parnwell, 1993; Din, 1993), which belive the very objective for which the development is initiated. ‘If social and economic development means anything at all, it must mean a clear improvement in the conditions of life and livelihood of ordinary people’ (Friedmann, 1992). Still, tourism frequently remains the preferred development option; especially in rural communities where people are so desperate that they will accept any proposal, which portends to offer economic growth, with little or no consideration of future detrimental impacts (Kinsley, 2000)

Driven by demands for economic growth and job creation, governments in developing countries however frequently fall prey to the dangers of random, ad hoc development, without due regard to the economic and cultural well-being of rural communities, the conservation of the environment or the inclusion of local residents in decision-making (Britton, 1991; Drake, 1991; Evans & Ibery, 1989; Getz, 1983; Long, Perdue, & Allen, 1990; Marsden, 1992; Prentice, 1993). Whilst governments are generally of the opinion that tourism development will generate new jobs, enhance community infrastructure and assist in revitalising the flagging economies of rural areas, tourism as a development option has come under increasing censure due to the alleged paucity of revenues, the inequity of benefit distribution and the perceived social costs to resident communities (Jud & Krause, 1976; Whelan, 1991; Hitchcock, King, & Parnwell, 1993, Din, 1993), which believe the very objective for which the development is initiated. ‘If social and economic development means anything at all, it must mean a clear improvement in the conditions of life and livelihood of ordinary people’ (Friedmann, 1992).

Tourism stimulates cooperation and partnerships between communities in local and neighbouring regions and serves as a vehicle for the stimulation of economic development through tourism. A brief commentary on tourism routes in general, is followed by an interrogation of the proposed utilisation of tourism routes as a strategy through which to ‘rapidly optimise the synergies between job creation, tourism and conservation in Africa’ (Open Africa, 2002).
Throughout the world, developing countries, with a rich resource base of pristine natural and cultural treasures, hold significant comparative advantage in their potential to attract tourists in search of authentic new experiences (Wahab, 1974). The potential for tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa is however under threat given that the alleviation of rampant, debilitating rural poverty must perforce take priority over resource conservation thus ‘precipitating a downward spiral in which both communities and their best chance of recovery, is steadily diminishing’ (Open Africa, 2002). Redclift (1992) echoes this opinion, arguing that ‘poor people often have no choice but to choose immediate economic benefits at the expense of the long term sustainability of their livelihoods. The concern of the study is that while earnings from tourism may look impressive, one would like to know more about its impact on the livelihoods of the locals before concluding that this is a positive development that should be promoted. This is particularly, because, as with all modernization efforts leading to economic growth, there are costs and benefits implications. Thus, as Kenya is rapidly becoming a major tourist destination, it is worthwhile to examine the effects of this industry on poverty alleviation through the enhancement of the nation’s economy and the improved livelihoods of the people in tourist areas.

Ethical Considerations
In order to conduct research in an area as Masai Mara or any government organization, approval for conducting the research should be obtained before any data is collected (McMillan and Schumacher 1993). In this study, the researcher will seek permission from the Ministry of Tourism and area District Officer.
Informed consent
Participants will be given enough information pertaining to the study before data collection (Schulze 2002). In this study, the participants will be given adequate information on the aims of the research, the procedures that would be followed, the possible advantages and disadvantages for the participants, the credibility of the researcher and the way in which the results will be used. This will enable participants to make an informed decision on whether they will participate in the research or not. No form of deception will be used to ensure the participation of the participants (De Vos et al 1998).
References
Ashley, C. (2000). “The Impact of Tourism on Rural Livelihoods: Namibia’s Experience”, London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) Paper128.

Ashley, C., C. Boyd and H. Goodwin (2000) ‘Pro-Poor Tourism: putting poverty at the heart of the tourism agenda’, Natural Resource Perspectives 51, Overseas Development Institute, London.

Ashley, C., D. Roe and H. Goodwin (2001). Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies: making tourism work for the poor, Pro-Poor Tourism Report No. 1. Centre for Responsible Tourism and Overseas Development Institute.
Briedenhann, J. (2000). An integrated tourism policy for South Africa: Problems and challenges, unpublished masters dissertation. High Wycombe: Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College.
Britton, S. (1991). Tourism, capital and place: Towards a critical geography of tourism. Environment and Planning, D9, 451–478.
Dernoi, L. (1991). Prospects of rural tourism: Needs and opportunities. Tourism Recreation Research, 16(1), 89–94.
De Vos. A. S., Strydoin, H., Fouche. C. B., Poggenpoel, M., Schurmk, E. and Schurink. W. (1998). Research at Grassroots: A Primer for the Caring Professions. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Din, K. (1993). Dialogue with hosts: An educational strategy towards sustainable tourism. In M. Hitchcock, V. King, & M. Parnwell (Eds.), Tourism in South-East Asia (p. 328). London, New York: Routledge.
Drake, S. P. (1991). Local participation in ecotourism projects. In T. Whelan (Ed.), Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment (pp. 132–163). Washington: Island Press.
Environmental and Development Agency Trust. (EDA) (1999) How Can LDOs/IDPs Work for Local People and Achieve Development Goals? Johannesburg: EDA.
Evans, N. J., & Ibery, B. W. (1989). A conceptual framework for investigating farm- based accommodation and tourism in Britain. Journal of Rural Studies, 5(3), 257–266.
Friedmann, J. (1992). Empowerment: The politics of an alternative development. Oxford: Blackwell.
Fraenkel and Warren (2000). Reliability in Research Instruments; A Concept Note. Paris: New-way Publishers.
Getz, D. (1983). Capacity to absorb tourism: Concepts and implications for strategic planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 10(2), 239–263.
Getz, D., & Page, S. J. (1997). In S. J. Page, & D. Getz (Eds.), The business of rural tourism: International Perspectives (pp. 191–205). New York: International Thomson Business Press.
Hannigan, J. (1994a). A regional analysis of tourism growth in Ireland. Regional Studies, 28(2), 208–214. Jud, G. D., & Krause, W. (1976). Evaluating tourism in developing areas: An exploratory enquiry. Journal of Travel Research, 15(2), 1–9.
Kerlinger, F.N. (1978). Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Surjeet Publications.
Kinsley, M. (2000). Economic renewal guide: A collaborative process for sustainable community development, snowmass. Colorado: Rocky Mountain Institute.
Kombol, T. P. (1998). Rural Tourism and Croatia’s Islands. Paper Presented at the Rural Tourism Management: Sustainable Options International Conference, Auchincruive, Scotland, Sep 1998.
Marsden, T. (1992). Exploring rural sociology for the fordist transition: Incorporating social relations into economic restructuring. Sociologia Ruralis, 32, 209– 230.
McMillan, J. H. and Schumacher, S. (1997). Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction. Fifth Edition. New York: Harper Collins College.’
Open Africa (2002). Information Relating to the African Dream Project. Cape Town: Open Africa.
Pompl, W., & Lavery, P. (1993). Tourism in Europe: Structures and developments. Wallingford: CAB International.
Prentice, R. (1993). Community-driven tourism planning and residents’ preferences. Tourism Management, 14, 218–227.
R!atz, T., & Puczk. o, L. (1998). Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development. Paper Presented at the Rural Tourism Management: Sustainable Options International Conference, Auchincruive, Scotland, Sep. 1998.
Redclift, M. (1992). The meaning of sustainable development. Geoforum, 23(3), 395– 403.
Whelan, T. (1991). Ecotourism and its role in sustainable development. In T. Whelan (Ed.), Nature tourism: managing for the environment (pp. 3–22). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (Eds.), (1991). Tourism and economic development: Western European experiences (2nd ed.). London: Belhaven Press.
WTO (1999a), ‘Tourism Highlights 1999’, (May).

WTO (2002), ‘Compendium of Tourism Statistics 1993-1997’, Nineteenth
Edition (Madrid).
World Bank (2003). Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil, Brazil Country Management Unit, World Bank: Washington D.C.
World Bank (2005). World Development Indicators CD-ROM. World Bank: Washington D.C.
World Tourism Organisation (2005). International Tourist Arrivals & Tourism Receipts by country. WTO: Madrid.
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COMMUNITY MEMBERS
Instructions
 Please kindly respond to all items in these questionnaire
 Put a (Tick) alongside the option that is most applicable to you or fill in the spaces provided
 Do not need to write your name in this questionnaire

What are the strategies adopted by the government to ensure overall economic benefits (please tick where it applies)
strategies
Growth and selection: attracting more of the most appropriate market segments
increasing tourist length of stay
increasing visitor expenditure
developing complementary products in the tourist destination
spreading the benefits of tourism geographically
infrastructure and planning gain
local management of tourism and partnerships
SMME development
reducing seasonality
employment and training


What are some of the mechanisms which can enable reduction of poverty through ecotourism in the region? Please tick
Mechanisms
employment of the poor in tourism enterprises
supply of goods and services to tourism enterprises by the poor or by enterprises
employing the poor
direct sales of goods and services to visitors by the poor (informal economy)
establishment and running of tourism enterprises by the poor - e.g. micro, small
and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs), or community based enterprises formal
economy);
tax or levy on tourism income or profits with proceeds benefiting the poor
voluntary giving/support by tourism enterprises and tourists
investment in infrastructure stimulated by tourism also benefiting the poor in the
locality, directly or through support to other sectors

Do you agree with the roles that each of the following should play?
Roles
Governments have crucial role creating and accomplishing strategies, policies, regulations, as well as ensuring coordination between stakeholders
The private sector is an essential player, as partner, facilitator, customer, marketing channel and advisor
The Poor have roles as producers, suppliers, workers, participants and decision makers
Civil Society (educational institutions at all levels, trade associations, journalists,
community-based organisations) has an important part to play to facilitate inclusion by the poor
Donors must provide technical assistance, source funding to enable the further
development of projects and expertise


Service quality gap between tourist’s perception and expectation Masai Mara National Park
Perception SD D U A SA
Attractive and appealing natural attractions
Good and appealing physical facilities and equipment
Uncrowded and unspoiled park
Information centre with information about the park’s natural and physical facilities
Modern looking equipment and facilities
Good and adequate transport system
Access of physical facilities and natural attractions
Neat appearance of the park’ staff
Staff giving prompt services to the tourists
Staff meeting their promises on time
The willingness of the staff to listen and provide accurate and correct information
Staff’s willingness to help the tourists
Staff not being busy to respond to the tourist’s requests
Staff keeping the tourists informed about the park
Staff and secure park
Easy to use facilities
Staff’s constant courteousness with the tourists all the time
Staff’s knowledge to answer the tourist’s questions
Adequate safety facilities
Convenient opening hours to the tourists
Staff giving personal attention to the tourists
Staff’s understanding of the specific needs of the tourists
Conveniently located facilities and equipment
Comfortable and good view accommodation facilities
Clean and adequate water
Reasonable prices charged by the park
Service quality worth the money paid
Cheap accommodation and catering facilities
Cheap entertainment/recreational facilities

What are benefits that you have gotten from tourism?
Income [ ]
Acquire other assets [ ]
Communication/External Links [ ]
Gain experience/skills [ ]
Increase employment opportunities [ ]
Accessibility to social services [ ]

What are the problems that are faced in tourism industry in Masai Mara?
Insecurity/Theft [ ]
Language problem [ ]
Transport/Communication [ ]
Lack of customers [ ]
Competition [ ]
Lack of capital [ ]
Seasonality of business [ ]
Culture distortion [ ]

Thursday, November 11, 2010

MILLIONIER PANNEL

In the late 1800s an Italian economist named Vilfredo Pareto was studying the distribution of wealth in European countries. He discovered a predictable imbalance in the distribution of wealth. He found that approximately 80 percent was controlled by approximately 20 percent of the population. This was later known as Parato's Principle or the 80/20 rule.

The 80/20 rule is an observable natural phenomenon. It governs many scenarios in life in which 80 percent of the results come from 20 percent of the inputs. Thus, it can be applied in many situations and with many professions. There is a beauty and elegance to life that repeats itself again and again. The 80/20 rule is one of these rules of thumb that reflects human nature, and how the world operates.

Understanding the 80/20 Rule is important. What is more important is the ability to apply the 80/20 Rule to real life situations and create positive results. Eric manthi has done just that!

How to Beat the 80/20 teaches sales managers how the 80/20 rule is hurting their organization and what to do to increase sales dramatically. argues convincingly that 80 percent of the sales typically comes from 20 percent of the sales force. In other words: "All salespeople are not created equal."

Savvy sales managers can improve on this statistic by carefully screening applicants and then cherry picking the right individuals for their sales force. Besides creating a stronger sales force, this book teaches how to improve sales significantly!

Some of the important topics that Alan covers are: Why salespeople perform differently, the attributes needed for sales success, recruiting myths, forecasting, how to develop an effective compensation plan and a great deal more.

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The Re-Discovery of Common Sense: A Guide to: The Lost Art of Critical Thinking



When your sales team doesn’t perform, your entire company suffers

Are you frustrated by your sales team’s performance? Do a few top performers consistently deliver most of your company’s sales, while the rest - the majority of your salespeople - barely earn their own keep… or even LOSE you money?
We refer to this sales performance gap as “The 80/20 Rule in sales team performance,” where just 20% of salespeople (the top performers) deliver 80% of sales. The remaining 80% of salespeople deliver just 20% of sales!

Why do so many organizations struggle with 80/20 sales team performance?
Our experience indicates that 80/20 sales team performance usually results from weaknesses in key sales management processes, including:
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• Sales Compensation: Does your sales compensation plan motivate your salespeople to do what you want them to do (such as prospecting, achieving new business goals and maximizing penetration in each of their assigned accounts), or is it missing the mark?
• Sales and Sales Management Training: Do your sales and sales management training investments result in permanent changes in your people's behaviors, or do things go back to the way they were shortly after the training is completed?
• Sales Activity Inspection: Do you inspect the quantity and quality of your salespeople's activities, or do you focus the bulk of your inspection on your salespeople's results? (Activity inspection provides a very useful "early warning system" for many sales performance problems.)
These elements combine to produce a highly effective strategic sales plan that will position your sales organization to produce predictable, repeatable sales results!

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We have helped hundreds of companies develop predictable, repeatable sales processes that improve the performance of their sales teams. The solutions we have implemented most frequently have been refined over the years into what we call the 80/20 Selling System™. You can access this time-tested, proven system in three different ways:
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CHANGE FOUR WORRY TO HOPE (MILLIONIER PANNEL)
To get out of poverty York, there should be steps to follow or questions to ask your self.

THE QUESTIONS SHOULD BE:-
1. Do you have a burning desire to change your current financial situation?
2. Are you sick self-starter?
3. Are you sick and tired of working for someone else?
4. Are you ready to take action and do something about it?

If you have to see fruits from the above question. For most you should start from step one. This step will
1. Double, triple or even quadruple your current income.
2. Makes you excited of your success and achievements
3. Gives you luxury and freedom that real wealth can provide.
4. Make you spend your time with the people who are important to you.

Remember every thing good does not come soft. To own your own business or anything earnful that can change your lifeline. For one security you “Never take anything for granted”.
Secondly you should understand importance of “owing your own business” Ownership means independence and control. (The more business and effort the better)
Always diversity your income streams by building both short-term and long-term incomes. The short-term incomes can be seasonal employment to put capital and after short-term go for long-term
Stream of income. Always invest your money with the
Equation that goes “small actions=BIG RESULTS”

The country can have all kinds of security to guards its citizens but the only security in ones life is security of your today’s and tomorrow.
Tomorrow dreams re built on today’s sacrifice you should pain/labor have something good by understanding “short term pain=long term gain”
You can do all those things without knowing what you are earning big organization go for accountants but you and your one steps business you just use this principle that goes in measure your success by setting and meeting your daily goals, knowing that overtime, the results would far exceed your efforts” by doing so next time you will be able to pay your own accountant.
As your business grows up never forget your dreams, keep your eyes on the prize and remember that time you were only paid only when you showed up and do the work and give you more challenge.
The reason why I am encouraging you to be out of been paid what you have worked,

I because of the following questions:-
1. What would happen to you if you couldn’t put in the time?
2. What would you do if your income stopped tomorrow?
3. What would happen if you get sick or disabled or trucked by deadly disease (AIDS) and couldn’t carry those businesses any more?
4. What if you income stopped tomorrow, how long could you pay the mortgage? Make your car payments? Or pay for your kids schooling.

The solution is to start a lifeline business where by even if you don’t go to work one day you are still in earning list where by is hot monitored by any body except you.
You should avoid whatever you do and still trade one unit of money-“This is insecure” you should always aim ongoing residual incomes-incomes that keeps coming in whether you put in the time or not. What you should do is built your ongoing residuals income’ while you are still employed then when the stream it starts flowing switch off ingoing residual income to ongoing residual income.

When break through works for ongoing residual income, you do work once and get paid over and over again this stream of ongoing residual income is open 24hrs,7 days of the week and 356daysof the year. This means your income stream is opened all the time. i.e. while you are on sleep,retirement,sick,disabled and cant work or during emergencies(“that’s power of ongoing residual incomes”)
To be able to challenge life you need to adapt the Childs life style. Where you take a stick and gives to a Childs and set its mind that with that dad stick she/he can kill a lion if a lion happens to come this child can’t run as you run because she/he believes on what a dads stick can do.

In life to take out all worries you should have the dads stick which is the wealth is what you accumulate not what you spend.)This is not getting high pays and uses all but whatever you get use some and save other.
What creates energy of organized life is withdraw of worry and mistrust. Also have vocals and dependent always show despline and restrain in spending. Save and invest each and every month, even in retirement.

Question
Why wait when you could be on your way to happiness today. stop putting your future and their future of four family business on hold buy “positive” thinking to build up your business and yourself” Today and Start new life tomorrow. Follow your dreams and all that you ever thought of, shall follow you.
Although you can’t avoid suffering in life but you can avoid suffering about the suffering by avoiding by avoiding been late when you can learn the power to realize the dreams and invisible path to success and have vote of confidence to explorer grow

(HAVE THE STORY)
IN THE STORY
“Ojiembe, never had a peaceful nights sleep, dint matter whether they were good days or bad days, he has always worried about the future”. This worried affected his physical life, mental and neighbors relationships,
This how the poverty does, it takes away peace sleep, and it makes not to see the difference and also affects your physical and mental health. You will never succeed been in ojembes situation life will never sympathies with your situation no matter what. Being worried and work like a machine in return you will earn nothing, health goes with happiness and if you see someone who has wealth and frustrated ask him what? He got in a wrong way.” feel the ear and do it away”
One day as the farmer was sitting by the side of the road with his heads in his hands a kind wealthy fisherman from a nearby village stopped to ask him what’s was wrong
“You seem to have a problem he said, he said how can I help you?” encouraged by his sympathy the poor man poured out his troubles. Am so worried if I should fall ill, what could happen to my wife and children? They would surely starve for even how they often go to bed angry. Am just so unlucky because I work from sunrise to sunset and this is my reward”
Every time you are worried you waste most of time being on the different world you see different, you talk different and work different to the customers wish, this problem it has affected most of us. in going residential come bring us to a situation whereby we say the month is at corner and if we grow sick .our family become angry.
See what ojembo says {i work from sunrise to sunset and this is my reward =”worry”}
What we should ask ourselves are we in this jam? A jam that we create because we don't follow the road signs. Remember to be rich, there is a road that you should pass or drive the roads to have laws to follow .ojembe on that way he knocked down confidence and he was locked in cells o worry.
Like ojembo if you don't plan your life you will always be worried eared out and disorganized you will be unable to remember what next and lack the creative ability.
“Once more he buried his face in his hands and wept”. if I may ask for second time” are you a self stater? that’s hoe his friend was to ask because he said to him” don’t worry” said the fisherman.
Come with me and I will try to help you. i can see that if you do not kill worry, worry will kill you” this is to say be a self starter and stop being tired and sick of worry, shell yourself out of that cocoon of worry remember the fisherman is someone used to have hope always, because the time he goes to fish he expect anything i.e. that is you get a fish or you go home empty hands.
The farmer deals with land and the fisherman deals with water but both need one another. hats why the word fisherman swallows the word farmer.

F - FARM-FIRM
I - I
S - STAND
H - HELPS
E - ENEMIES
R - RELATIVES
M - MANUFUCTURES
A - AND
N - NATION

N/B NOS 1, 8, 6, 7, 5, 6-IS FRAMER INSIDE THE FISHERMAN

There fore always hand to be the fisherman on a farm that will help everyone fisherman helped ojembo and gave him the precious thing he had-'gold’. Today the precious that am giving you is 'money’. Money for sure is power, with it you can buy everything.
To get money you must kill the worry, enmity and negativity in your way, the three are greatest obstacles on your way to self in Independence, freedom.
Always work in teams; in short learn means 'together everyone achieves more' egg I one million people in ab team, to get one million dollars is so easy. Meet one million people each giving you one dollar, you will become a millionaire to be a millionaire, you have fast become a thousandier then millionaire.
Never take anything for granted-talk about your business learn more about your business and encourage more people to love it and then answer will be success or profit..
On the way you will find so many dead people{some worried others joined different businesses but no fruits, other conned but ask