Friday, May 13, 2011

games

"Earthbound" is a role-playing game released for the Super Nintendo in 1995. Like most RPGs, "Earthbound" is a long game and most players will not be able to finish it in one sitting. Most RPGs...



  • Even lifelong Nintendo console owners may have a little bit of trouble when they first pick up the Wii. The Nintendo Wii is drastically different than any other console the company has ever...

  • Many iPod games are loaded with action, adventure and simulated human life, which can be an overwhelming dose of the modern age. However, there are some iPod games that mix the old world with the...

  • "Monopoly Tycoon" is a 2001 PC game that is built on the fundamental ideas of the original Monopoly board game; you buy properties, sell properties and collect rent. But the game takes Monopoly...

  • Children love firefighters. The mystery that surrounds them, the big red truck, the adorable spotted fire station dog. Kids emulate firefighters all the time. What better way to do it than with...

  • Toontown is an online gaming marketplace where children from eight to 14 years old have their own animated avatar that can walk around in his own little world, doing things the child wouldn't...

  • "Ancient Quest of Saqqarah," set in Ancient Egypt, is a puzzle game with intricate game boards featuring connected squares, triangles and circles. By manipulating puzzle pieces on the board and...

  • Farm Frenzy and other similar titles have become popular subsets among time-management games. Such games provide hours of farm-related enjoyment while working the farms, selling products and...

  • Sony's PlayStation Portable handheld game system lets you download digital games from the PlayStation Store in a few simple clicks. There are four types of games you can download, and they differ...

  • "Halo: Reach" is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft's Xbox 360 gaming console. Although "Halo: Reach" can be played solely from the game disc, the game is...

  • "Avatar: Legends of the Arena" is an online game that lets you play as a powerful, magical warrior within the universe created by the "Avatar: The Last Air Bender" animated series. The game allows...

  • In the first-person shooter "Halo: Reach," players earn experience points for playing the single and multiplayer game modes. These experience points determine a player's persistent level, which...

  • The ZSNES Emulator is an open source program that allows gamers to play video games from the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), the second home video game console from Nintendo. In 2004,...

  • Gex X is a shortened form of Generation X, which refers to those born following the post-World War II Baby Boomer generation. According to the Nevada Outpost, the people comprising Generation X...

  • "Cooking Academy" is a computer game where you play the part of a chef who must prepare different types of food to progress through the game. You can download and play a free limited trial of the...

  • The Nintendo Game Boy Advance (GBA) wireless adapter connects a computer or another GBA together. This is useful for when players want to play their games together or if they want to trade...

  • SWAT 4 is a first-person shooting game for computers. Players control the leader of an elite SWAT. team and have to follow real-life procedures, such as arresting enemies instead of shooting them...

  • In 2009 when the Nintendo Wii first became popular, video game enthusiasts were eager to see firsthand the strange motion-sensor technology in action. But as they began unlocking the diverse...

  • Although games in the Halo series always include a worthwhile single-player mode, the lasting appeal of the game has always come from its immersive multiplayer modes. Playing with friends over the...

  • With Xbox 360 hard drives available in sizes up to 250 GB, some users elect to copy games to their systems. This allows you to play the game from the console's hard drive. Even after you copy a...

  • "Farm Frenzy" is an online flash farming game you can play online or download onto your PC. It is free to try, but you must pay for the full version of the game. Cheat Engine is a program for the...

  • Fit the Game Boy Advance with rewritable memory cards to make game creation and testing easier or to enable the use of e-books and pictures. To transfer files back and forth between the Game Boy...

  • When the Xbox 360 was released, it had limited backwards compatibility with original Xbox games. The Xbox 360 could read and playback a number of the Xbox's first edition games. Microsoft offers...

  • Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories is a popular game about revenge and vengeance of Tommy Vercetti against his boss Sonny Forelli. You can personalize playing it by adding custom soundtrack with...

  • Your fledgling chef in "Cooking Academy" learns the ins and outs of food preparation, starting with appetizers and eventually moving on to desserts, with a series of exams to test your abilities...

  • Unlike wireless adapters for video game consoles such as the Xbox 360 or the PlayStation Portable, the wireless adapter for Nintendo's GameBoy Advance does not connect your device to the Internet....

  • "MapleStory" is a free massively multiplayer online game with a fantasy theme. The game comprises several worlds, or servers, and you can create three different characters per world. Characters...

  • Computer users have the option to download games for their calculator of the TI 83+ variety to their laptop or desktop machine. This gives them a way to delete and add games at will. The choices...

  • "Ancient Quest of Saqqarah" tasks you with keeping Seth from rising out of his tomb by defeating a series of puzzles. A free trial version is available, but the full version is only unlocked by...

  • "SWAT 4" is a tactical shooter where you play as a member of a SWAT team. The game features an online mode where players can compete against others in various match types. For those that want to...

  • Released to the general public in March of 2008, the Blackberry 8120 cell phone weighs just over three ounces and features a full QWERTY keyboard. The phone's display screen contains 2 megapixels...

  • Kazaa is a website that allows visitors to download music to play on their computers, burn for CDs or play on MP3 players. There are several websites you may want to visit that are similar to...

  • Shockwave is a player for multimedia content that was first developed by Macromedia, before it was acquired by Adobe in 2005. Similar to Flash, Shockwave allows users to play games created in the...

  • The game of snooker is usually played on a table measuring 12 feet by 6 feet. It is derived from the game of billiards and requires considerable skill with a cue to excel at the game. Snooker is...

  • A PC game requires a CD and game files. With an external hard drive, you can play a game without downloading the files onto your PC. An external hard drive will allow you to download game files...

  • "Bejeweled 2" can be played on numerous devices without a download through PopCap's website. The puzzle game calls for players to match three or more colorful gems. "Bejeweled 2" won positive...

  • The PS3, or PlayStation 3, is a home video-game console created by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the third home console in the PlayStation series and is the successor to the PlayStation 2....

  • "Farm Frenzy" is the first in a series of time-management games by "Alawar Games." You must run your farm by completing tasks like collecting eggs or producing cheese and you must do it as quickly...

  • Released on November 19, 2008, the New Xbox Experience introduced numerous new features to the Xbox 360 console, including the ability to install games to the on-board hard drive. This feature...

  • Introduced to the international consumer marketplace in December of 2006, Motorola's Rizr Z3 cellphone is equipped with a mini-USB/charger port, Bluetooth technology and a voice recorder. Owners...

  • Featuring a microSD slot that can hold up to two gigabytes of of memory, the Samsung E2510 cellphone is also equipped with a rubberized keypad. Although no games come pre-loaded with the E2510,...

  • The Omnia is a touch screen mobile phone from Samsung. It includes a screen with such clarity that it allows the owner to view programs as they would on their own televisions. It also contains an...

  • Popcap games have become very popular on the Internet, and are now available to play on the iPod. This offers a way to occupy teenagers and adolescents on long trips or family outings. You can...

  • "Avatar: Legends of the Arena" is a game on Nick.com that allows you to "join an intense online multiplayer competition to determine the greatest masters from all over the world," according to the...

  • "Crysis Wars" offers a multiplayer combat mode for the "Crysis Warhead" game from Electronic Arts and Crytek. Players battle head-to-head with weapons from the first two games in the series. Map...

  • The R4 media cartridge for Nintendo DS allows players to download and run a variety of non-commercial software on the system. Machines such as Super Nintendo and Sega Genesis can be emulated using...

  • At the heart of fire rescue and control services, the fire station is a location which serves as an inspiration for plenty of online games. Game developers working for toy companies, or even for...

  • Those unfamiliar with how Windows works might have trouble starting a program. Most games ensure during the installation process that there are plenty of ways to access them. Different people will...

  • If you have an Xbox 360 and an Internet connection, you can access downloadable games from Xbox Live. In addition to hundreds of arcade games, you can also download new content for your existing...

  • The Sony PSP allows you to install and play downloaded home-brew games. Home-brew games are created by independent developers and are free to all PSP users running custom firmware. This includes...

  • Maple Story is 2-D massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). While the game fits the free to play model, players can spend real money on in-game items and enhancements. These...

  • The original PlayStation, also referred to as the PSX, featured an extensive library of games, many of which are now available for purchase and download from the PlayStation Network Store. Most of...

  • With Cooking Academy 2: World Cuisine you can master the fine art of Chinese sweet and sour chicken or prepare some Mexican tamales. Maneuver around the kitchen in this mouse-based PC game, and...

  • "Tycoon Monopoly" is a variation of the popular board game in which your goal is to earn as much money as possible, all the while building up and maintaining all of your real estate investments....

  • For any fan of the Halo video-game series, the multiplayer beta of Halo: Reach is a must-play game. Fortunately, anyone who owns a copy of Halo: ODST has a free invitation to the Halo: Reach...

  • Guitar Hero, Rockband, and numerous other games make use of the wireless guitar. It's fun to rock out from a distance without worrying about wires lying around for somebody to trip over. As much...

  • With the recent advances in emulator technology, demand is growing for classic games that users can play on their computers. While most emulation software is considered illegal, there are several...

  • The Sony PlayStation Portable is a video game system that also can play movies and music. Media that you have saved on your computer can be transferred to the memory card on your PSP easily with a...

  • Disney's Toontown lets you or your child build custom cartoon characters and interact in an online gaming community. If you had problems with the program and had to uninstall it or if you...

  • Bookworm is a puzzle video and computer game. Emphasizing spelling, the title fills the player's screen with rows of random letters. To prevent them from overflowing the screen, the player must...

  • Owners of the Microsoft Xbox 360 can get online to download games from Xbox Live for play on their consoles. These games range from relatively simple Xbox Live Arcade games such as "Geometry Wars"...

  • The Sony PSP can run custom firmware created by a few different developer groups, including Gen. PSP custom firmware 3.95 Gen opens up quite a few extra features for your PSP, including playing...

  • Azada is a downloadable puzzle game available at Big Fish Games. You play as the adventurer Titus who has found himself trapped in a magical puzzle book. Pieces of the magical book are missing and...

  • Unlike other hand-held consoles of its generation, the Nintendo DS has the ability to host other DS consoles in order to play a multi-player DS game using a single DS game card. This procedure is...

  • You can relive classic games from the original PlayStation on your PlayStation 3. While the PS3 lacks backwards compatibility with PS1 discs, you still can download several titles over the...

  • Xbox Live houses an extensive gaming marketplace library where users can log in and download games for free or at cost. These games download directly to your Xbox 360's hard drive. As such,...

  • Avid photo buffs often have boxes of slides lying around from their days of shooting film photography. With technological advances, home slide projectors are a thing of the past. So what do you do...

  • The PlayStation 3 video-game console from Sony allows you to play games and functions as a Blu-ray movie player. While in the past game consoles were only able to play games on discs or...

  • There are thousands of games available on the Internet for free that don't have to be downloaded. They play in your browser, and are usually designed to run with some version of the Flash browser...

  • The Blackberry Pearl Telus is a smartphone with a great number of capabilities. With the Pearl Telus, users can phone loved ones, check work email, instant message friends, catch up with contacts...

  • The Nintendo Wii has a feature called the Virtual Console that allows players to download and play classic games. These games include titles from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo,...

  • Zuma is a fast-paced game in which you shoot colored balls at a line of moving colored balls to create combinations. To create a combination, three or more balls of the same color must touch each...

  • Are you somewhat of a gambler? If you love casino games but don't much feel like moving to Las Vegas, then just download a game of electronic blackjack onto your cell phone. It's fun to learn and...

  • Gamers who wish to play games downloaded from the PlayStation Store on their PSP can transfer these games onto their PSP from either a computer or a PlayStation 3. Games that are transferred over...

  • RF Online is a massive multiplayer online role playing game (MMORPG) developed by CCR International. The game setting has a mixture of science fiction and fantasy elements. Swords and sorcery are...

  • What's more fun than a really great computer game? A really great computer game that's free. For billiards enthusiasts, the World Wide Web offers a number of free pool games that you can play...

  • "Endless Online" is a free fantasy-based online muliplayer game with anime-style graphics.

  • Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories is an action-adventure game for the PlayStation Portable (PSP), and itserves as and add-on to the plot of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. The game is set in 1984...

  • The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, or SNES, was the follow-up to the successful NES. With the SNES came such classic video games as Donkey Kong Country and Super Mario World. You will...

  • A PlayStation Portable is a handheld multimedia device produced by Sony. This device allows the user to watch movies, play games, access the Internet and listen to music. One major drawback of the...

  • Not all games for the Sony PSP can be bought on disc. Some can be downloaded from a torrent and placed on a memory stick. The catch is that a PSP owner cannot use the software that comes with the...

  • Michael Jackson's "Moonwalker" was a hit when it game out for the Sega Genesis. Now, you can play this game at home on your own home computer. It may seem unusual at first, but it's quite...

  • Match three games a classic time waster. Burger Rush puts you in charge of cooking up orders, keeping customers happy and making tasty burgers! Learn what upgrades to buy and the best strategy for...

  • Match three games are fast becoming classic time wasters. The latest in a long line of them is the sequel to Burger Rush. Restaurant Rush is fun, cute and a bit challenging. Learn what upgrades to...

  • "RockBand 2" enables players to pick up a microphone, bass, guitar or drums using the instruments and equipment provided with the game. Players can work together in one location or play...

  • You could earn free airline miles, games, clothes, electronics and more just by playing games online. It's simple and easy to earn points.

  • Soldier Front is a popular clone of the special forces-type games like Counter Strike. Created by a Korean company, Solider Front is an extremely popular game in Asia but also draws players from...

  • Soldier Front has captured the imagination of many gamers. However, some of the fans have decided they wanted to enhance their experience. They found a way by glitching, and now you can learn a...

  • With it's Worms-style game play and rock-paper-scissors strategic balance, online multi-player game Gunbound is very popular. Best of all, it's free and easy to play. Learn how to get good and win...

  • Like many others who had purchased original PSP games from the retail outlets, you will realize that as the games is completed, buying new games seem to be getting expensive and unaffordable. What...

  • There are many online poker sites to choose from. AbsolutePoker is an easy site to use. It has straightforward instructions and gives you the option to play for real money or just for fun. Use the...





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    What did Prince William whisper to Kate?


    What did Prince William whisper to Kate? According to some lip readers, he told her that she looked beautiful—and then looked at his father-in-law-to-be and quipped, "We were supposed to have just a small family affair."
    Where did the bride and groom go in the middle of the ceremony? They went to the Shrine of Saint Edward the Confessor, a room inside the Abbey, to sign the wedding registers.
    Why was Prince William wearing red? Prince William holds an honorary rank of Colonel of the Irish Guards, and he opted to wear an Irish Guard's officer uniform instead of his Royal Air Force uniform. He also wore his Garter sash and star, Royal Air Force "wings," and Golden Jubilee medal.
    Was the bride's dress inspired by Grace Kelly's? It seems that way; in fact, Kate's dress looks very much like the one worn by the American actress when she wed Prince Rainier III of Monaco in April 1956. Both Kate's gown and that of Serene Highness the Princess of Monaco had long sleeves, a cinched waist, a figure-hugging bodice, short veils, medium-length trains, and lots of delicate lace.
    What was in the bride's bouquet? According to the official royal wedding website, the bouquet was a shield-shaped collection of Myrtle, Lily-of-the-Valley, Sweet William, Ivy, and Hyacinth. The Myrtle sprigs were from plants grown from the Myrtle used in the wedding bouquets of Queen Victoria in 1845 and Queen Elizabeth in 1947.
    Any hidden messages? Each bridesmaid had her name and the date of the wedding hand-embroidered into the lining of her dress. The bride and groom could not customize their vows, but they did write their own prayer, which was read by Richard Chartres, the Bishop of London, during the ceremony (download a copy of the program here). It was: "God our Father, we thank you for our families; for the love that we share and for the joy of our marriage. In the busyness of each day keep our eyes fixed on what is real and important in life and help us to be generous with our time and love and energy. Strengthened by our union help us to serve and comfort those who suffer. We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Amen." And of course, each of those flowers in the bride's bouquet had a special meaning: Lily-of-the-Valley represents the return of happiness, Sweet William stands for gallantry, Hyacinth is for the constancy of love, Myrtle symbolizes marriage and love, and Ivy is for fidelity, marriage, wedded love, friendship, and affection.
    What are the full names of the newlyweds? Prince Williams of Wales got another set of titles in time for the wedding, according to an announcement on the official royal wedding website. His full name is now His Royal Highness Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge, Early of Strathearn, Baron Carrickfergus, Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Master of Arts. As his wife, the former Miss Catherine Middleton is now Her Royal Highness Princess Catherine Elizabeth, The Duchess of Cambridge. (According to the official website of the British Monarchy, those who have the title of HRH Prince or Princess do not need to use a last name, though theirs is Mountbatten-Windsor.)
    Was Kate wearing Princess Diana's tiara? No. Diana wore the Spencer Tiara, a family heirloom of ornate, stylized flowers decorated with diamonds in silver settings. The halo-style tiara that Kate wore was Cartier creation belonging to the Queen. King George bought it for the Queen Mother in 1936; the Queen Mother gave it to the Queen on her 18th birthday.
    What about her earrings? The bride's earrings were designed by Robinson Pelham, according to the official royal wedding website. They are diamond-set stylized oak leaves that frame a dangling diamond-set drop and pave-set diamond acorn. The earrings, which are a wedding gift to Kate from her parents, were made to match the tiara lent to her by the Queen, and were inspired by the Middleton family's new coat of arms.
    Why did the Middleton family get a new coat of arms? What happened to their old one? They didn't have a coat of arms before, because they weren't members of the British aristocracy. The new coat of arms features three oak-leaf-and-acorn sprigs representing the three Middleton children—Catherine (Kate), Philippa (Pippa), and James. A golden chevron honors Carole Middleton, whose maiden name was Goldsmith, and two thinner, white chevrons represent the mountains and stand for the family's love of the outdoors.
    Who got to be on the balcony at Buckingham Palace with the royal newlyweds? The bride and groom took center stage, of course, but also appearing before the public were the Queen and Prince Phillip, Prince Charles and his wife Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall), Carole and Richard Middleton, the couple's siblings (Pippa and James Middleton and Prince Harry), the pages (Tom Pettifer and William Lowther-Pinkerton), and the bridesmaids (Eliza Lopez, Grace van Cutsem, The Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor, and the Honourable Margarita Armstrong-Jones. Yes, even some children have titles in England.)


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    Royal wedding mysteries, solved

    Who was that little girl covering her ears and frowning while the newlyweds kissed on the balcony? Why didn't Prince William watch his bride walk down the aisle? Where can I get those gorgeous earrings Kate wore to her wedding? The last remaining mysteries of the royal wedding are solved, right here at Shine.
    Who was that adorable little girl frowning and covering her ears on the balcony during the big kiss? That's Prince William's goddaughter, 3-year-old Grace van Cutsem, who was one of the official bridesmaids (there are no "flower girl" roles in traditional British weddings, so children are often included as bridesmaids or pages). She is the daughter of Lady Rose Astor and Hugh van Cutsem, and great-great-great-granddaughter of William Waldorf Astor, a New York-born lawyer and politician who later became a member of the British Aristocracy. (The Waldorf Hotel was one of his pet projects.) Little Grace was also pouting for part of the carriage ride; apparently, the crowd of adoring fans got a little too noisy.
    Are there usually trees in Westminster Abbey? Kate loves the outdoors and, according to the Daily Mail, she ordered more than four tons of foliage to create an English country garden setting inside Westminster Abbey, including pyramid-shaped ornamental Hornbeams to frame the choir and a "living avenue" of 20-foot-tall, 15-year-old English Field Maples through which guests walked to their seats. The cost? About 50,000 pounds, or $83,335.
    What music did Kate walk in to? It didn't sound like the wedding march. The princess walked down the aisle to "I Was Glad" by Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, who composed it for the coronation of Prince William's great-great-great grandfather Edward VII in 1902.
    Why didn't Prince William watch his bride walk down the aisle? Tradition. The groom is the last person to see the bride, and can only do so after she has completed the long walk down the aisle and is at his side. Since the aisle at Westminster Abbey is about 300-feet long, he had at least a four-minute wait at the altar.
    However, by all accounts, William snuck in a quick peek at the wedding dress before Kate arrived beside him. Watch for Harry nudging him to catch a glimpse in the video below (at the :19 second mark).




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    Pippa Middleton: Global sensation












    The royal wedding didn't just launch Kate Middleton the Duchess of Cambridge into the spotlight. The extravaganza watched around the world made her younger sister Pippa, also decked out in a stunning white Alexander McQueen dress, into an overnight celebrity.
    The Daily Mail called the famous maid of honor "the world's most eligible woman" and sites like BauerGriffinOnline.com have dedicated galleries to her scene-stealing green dress. Even Pippa's backside gained fame on Facebook. Searches on Yahoo! have soared since the wedding: Fans of Pippa wanted to see "pippa middleton photos," "pippa middleton dress." They hope for a romance between "pippa middleton and prince harry" despite the fact that she's already dating Prince William's friend, retired cricket star Alex Loudon. She and Loudon, now a banker, have been together since December.
    Those who know Pippa, officially Philippa Charlotte Middleton, would not be surprised by her sudden celebrity. Born in 1983 and raised in Bucklebury, Berkshire, the tanner of the two sisters easily outshone her older sibling when the two children attended the girls' boarding school Downe House. According to Katie Nicholl, author of "The Making of a Royal Romance," "Pippa was the more beautiful of the two of them at that age. But Catherine was more determined, which seemed to set her apart."
    Pippa followed her 14-year-old sister to the prep school Marlborough College in Wiltshire, England, where Nicholl wrote of the sisters, "They were both pretty and very close…they were tall and slim, lean and athletic."
    The middle Middleton attended Edinburgh University in Scotland where she earned her degree in English, and then joined the family's business, Party Pieces.
    Plum Sykes observed in the Daily Mail that Pippa gets all of the fun of being close to the monarchy minus any of the "bad bits." Adding, "Pippa is the luckiest one of all. She gets all the right sort of attention from men, fashion designers, hostesses and things, and doesn't have any of the duties."
    The stunner was named Tatler magazine's No.1 society singleton in 2008. She is also a good shot: In the same year the multi-talented Middleton bagged 23 birds, including duck, pheasant, and partridge, while on a weekend holiday in Scotland.
    Pippa may also have paved the way for her sister's chic engagement look. The fashionista was photographed backstage at an Issa show wearing the designer's wrap dress, similar to the look Kate later wore to announce her plans to marry Prince William.
    With Pippa's prospects looking so good, she may soon be donning the Issa dress to make an announcement of her own.









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    Will and Kate’s royal honeymoon: Prepare to be jealous

    If there was ever a time to abuse their power, it's on their royal honeymoon. Kate and William can go anywhere in the world now that they're newlyweds and they've chosen North Island: a small, isolated archipelago in the Seychelles owned by a guy named Farhad Vladi. "Yes, we rented the island to the British royal family," Vladi told a Hamburg newspaper. "Prince William and his Kate are spending their honeymoon there. But you will understand that we are not saying anything further."
    Click for more images of William and Kate's honeymoon spot
    Actually, he's already said enough. You'd think after brokering deals with Diana Ross and the Shah of Iran, Vladi would know how to keep a secret. Now that he's shared, we don't feel so bad poring over the details of their destination love-nest. Here are some factoids William is probably reading in his Frommer's right now.
    • North Island is about 600 acres and it's surrounded by cliffs and coconut trees.
    • There are more tortoises than people on the island. Some are as old as 150.
    • It's only a boat-ride away from Kate and Will's vacation destination in 2007. They reportedly patched up their relationship at Desroches Island Resort, another luxury escape, which they checked into as "Martin and Rosemary Middleton."
    • Other celebrities who have vacationed here include Roger Moore (aka James Bond) and Posh and Becks.
    • P&B chose the location for their getaway in 2009, because "the security makes it like a spy base," a source told the Press Association. Since when do spy bases have thatched roofs?
    • There are 11 villas that overlook the beach on North Island
    • Each villa has a plunge pool
    • And a butler type...not that that's anything new for William.
    • It's an ethically conscious resort. Here's an example of what that means: the villas are set back from the beach to provide enough distance that they don't disorient the tortoises that lay their eggs in the sand.
    • That also means you can watch tortoises give birth as you lounge by the ocean. Talk about entertainment.
    • Guests receive a 20 minute massage upon arrival to "ease" them into island life, according to the North Island website. I'd love to meet the person who's having trouble relaxing.
    • A movie called "Thunderbirds" was shot there . Bill Paxton is in it, case you're wondering.
    • The bar and restaurant in the villa is built on an upturned tree.
    • An ecologist who lives on the island offers nature tours for guests. He has a good job.
    • The gallery attached to this post will make you relaxed at first and then outraged at the fact that only royalty, ecologists and giant turtles get to enjoy this island.
    • Back in the '70s, the island was only inhabited by rats and cats.
    • That sounds a lot like most New York City apartments. Maybe there's hope for us yet.




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    Monday, May 9, 2011

    Rotavirus
    Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children,[1] and is one of several viruses that cause infections often called stomach flu, despite having no relation to influenza. It is a genus of double-stranded RNA virus in the family Reoviridae. By the age of five, nearly every child in the world has been infected with rotavirus at least once.[2] However, with each infection, immunity develops, and subsequent infections are less severe;[3] adults are rarely affected.[4] There are five species of this virus, referred to as A, B, C, D, and E.[5] Rotavirus A, the most common, causes more than 90% of infections in humans.
    The virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route. It infects and damages the cells that line the small intestine and causes gastroenteritis. Although rotavirus was discovered in 1973[6] and accounts for up to 50% of hospitalisations for severe diarrhoea in infants and children,[7] its importance is still not widely known within the public health community, particularly in developing countries.[8] In addition to its impact on human health, rotavirus also infects animals, and is a pathogen of livestock.[9]
    Rotavirus is usually an easily managed disease of childhood, but worldwide more than 500,000 children under five years of age still die from rotavirus infection each year[10] and almost two million more become severely ill.[8] In the United States, before initiation of the rotavirus vaccination programme, rotavirus caused about 2.7 million cases of severe gastroenteritis in children, almost 60,000 hospitalisations, and around 37 deaths each year.[11] Public health campaigns to combat rotavirus focus on providing oral rehydration therapy for infected children and vaccination to prevent the disease.[12]
    Contents
    [edit] History
    An electron micrograph of a single rotavirus particle; it is round and looks like a wheel
    http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png
    One of Flewett's original electron micrographs
    A single particle it is spherical and has regularly spaced, short protrusions on its surface
    http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png
    Computer–aided reconstruction of a rotavirus based on several electron micrographs
    In 1943, Jacob Light and Horace Hodes proved that a filterable agent in the faeces of children with infectious diarrhoea also caused scours (livestock diarrhoea) in cattle.[13] Three decades later, preserved samples of the agent were shown to be rotavirus.[14] In the intervening years, a virus in mice[15] was shown to be related to the virus causing scours.[16] In 1973, Ruth Bishop described related viruses found in children with gastroenteritis.[6][17]
    In 1974, Thomas Henry Flewett suggested the name rotavirus after observing that, when viewed through an electron microscope, a rotavirus particle looks like a wheel (rota in Latin);[18][19] the name was officially recognised by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses four years later.[20] In 1976, related viruses were described in several other species of animals.[16] These viruses, all causing acute gastroenteritis, were recognised as a collective pathogen affecting humans and animals worldwide.[18] Rotavirus serotypes were first described in 1980,[21] and in the following year, rotavirus from humans was first grown in cell cultures derived from monkey kidneys, by adding trypsin (an enzyme found in the duodenum of mammals and now known to be essential for rotavirus to replicate) to the culture medium.[22] The ability to grow rotavirus in culture accelerated the pace of research, and by the mid-1980s the first candidate vaccines were being evaluated.[23]
    In 1998, a rotavirus vaccine was licensed for use in the United States. Clinical trials in the United States, Finland, and Venezuela had found it to be 80 to 100% effective at preventing severe diarrhoea caused by rotavirus A, and researchers had detected no statistically significant serious adverse effects.[24][25] The manufacturer, however, withdrew it from the market in 1999, after it was discovered that the vaccine may have contributed to an increased risk for intussusception, a type of bowel obstruction, in one of every 12,000 vaccinated infants.[26] The experience provoked intense debate about the relative risks and benefits of a rotavirus vaccine.[27] In 2006, two new vaccines against rotavirus A infection were shown to be safe and effective in children,[28] and in June 2009 the World Health Organization recommended that rotavirus vaccination be included in all national immunisation programmes to provide protection against this virus.[29]
    [edit] Signs and symptoms
    Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a mild to severe disease characterised by vomiting, watery diarrhoea, and low-grade fever. Once a child is infected by the virus, there is an incubation period of about two days before symptoms appear.[30] Symptoms often start with vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhoea. Dehydration is more common in rotavirus infection than in most of those caused by bacterial pathogens, and is the most common cause of death related to rotavirus infection.[31]
    Rotavirus A infections can occur throughout life: the first usually produces symptoms, but subsequent infections are typically asymptomatic,[4] as the immune system provides some protection.[2] Consequently, symptomatic infection rates are highest in children under two years of age and decrease progressively towards 45 years of age.[32][33] Infection in newborn children, although common, is often associated with mild or asymptomatic disease;[34][35] the most severe symptoms tend to occur in children six months to two years of age, the elderly, and those with compromised or absent immune system functions. Due to immunity acquired in childhood, most adults are not susceptible to rotavirus; gastroenteritis in adults usually has a cause other than rotavirus, but asymptomatic infections in adults may maintain the transmission of infection in the community.[36] Symptomatic reinfections are often due to a different rotavirus A serotype.[3][37]
    [edit] Transmission
    Many rotavirus particles packed together, which all look similar
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    Rotavirus A from the faeces of an infected child
    Rotavirus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, via contact with contaminated hands, surfaces and objects,[38] and possibly by the respiratory route.[1] The faeces of an infected person can contain more than 10 trillion infectious particles per gram;[4] only 10–100 of these are required to transmit infection to another person.[39]
    Rotaviruses are stable in the environment and have been found in estuary samples at levels as high as 1–5 infectious particles per US gallon.[40] Sanitary measures adequate for eliminating bacteria and parasites seem to be ineffective in control of rotavirus, as the incidence of rotavirus infection in countries with high and low health standards is similar.[1]
    [edit] Disease mechanisms
    The micrograph at the top shows a damaged cell with a destroyed surface. The micrograph at the bottom shows a healthy cell with its surface intact.
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    Electron micrograph of a rotavirus infected enterocyte (top) compared to an uninfected cell (bottom). The bar = approx. 500 nm
    The diarrhoea is caused by multiple activities of the virus. Malabsorption occurs because of the destruction of gut cells called enterocytes. The toxic rotavirus protein NSP4 induces age- and calcium ion-dependent chloride secretion, disrupts SGLT1 transporter-mediated reabsorption of water, apparently reduces activity of brush-border membrane disaccharidases, and possibly activates the calcium ion-dependent secretory reflexes of the enteric nervous system.[41][42] Healthy enterocytes secrete lactase into the small intestine; milk intolerance due to lactase deficiency is a particular symptom of rotavirus infection,[43][44] which can persist for weeks.[45] A




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